Motivation & behaviour Essay

Motivation is seen as an internal state of an organism that drives it to behave in a certain way. The behaviour is seen to be goal directed. The clearest examples of this can be derived from the studies made by Cannon. Cannon (1932) developed a primary or physiological drive theory. This theory is associated with the concept of homeostasis, a term used to describe the stable equilibrium of body systems. Claude Bernard (1956) was the first to emphasis the importance of a constant internal environment to survival. The internal environment of the body consists of such systems as the oxygen content of the blood, the concentration of nutrients such as glucose, the water balance and temperature. All of these systems can only fluctuate within narrow limits if health or even survival is to be maintained. As a system fluctuates from its stable state for reasons such as if we go out in the cold or use up a lot of energy, the body tries to restore homeostatic equilibrium through physiological and behavioural mechanisms. For instance if we have not eaten for a while, we develop a body tissue need for food. This leads to a drive to eat, and eating reduces the drive and restores homeostasis. This sequence is a simple example of behaviour motivated by a primary physiological drive aroused by a tissue need, and the whole class of motivated behaviours is represented by these homeostatic primary drives. Cannon’s drive theory has been developed to explain more complicated behaviours. In these models the behaviour is driven by an internal state of need. For example we go to work to earn money, which in turn buys us food, which satisfies our tissue need. The simple picture of a tissue deficiency leading to a specific need, which in turn arouses appropriate behaviour, is very appealing and many experiments have been carried out to see if this is the case. However, most of these studies have been carried out on non-human animals. Therefore this area of study could be criticised for being unrepresentative and ridged. Some behaviours such as why rats eat saccharin cannot be explained by this model, as saccharin is a not a nutritious, but sweet tasting substance, which does not satisfy a primary tissue need. Humans lead full and complex lives; some researches believe that our motivated behaviour cannot be compared to that of a non-human animal. In the past motivation has been divided up into extrinsic and intrinsic motives. With extrinsic motives you can identify a clear reward or incentive or reinforcement for the behaviour. Behaviourists have shown that almost any behaviour can be learnt on the basis of a reward. Other behaviours seem to have no obvious external reward and these are referred to as intrinsic motives. Humans have many behaviours without a strong link to physiology such as curiosity and manipulation. However these drives are simply descriptions of the behaviour so in theory anyone could make up there own set of motives. Murray (1938) used his Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to provide a more reliable set of motives. TAT consists of 20 pictures of people in various situations. The participant is asked to use their imagination to write a story about each picture. The stories are then analysed in terms of the types of motivation represented. From these analyses, Murray produces a set of 20 social motives, or psychogenic needs. These include achievement, affiliation, aggression, deference, nurturance, play, and understanding. Murray’s list sounds convincing and is based on the TAT. However this itself is a projective test and relies on Murray’s own analysis. McClelland (1961) supported Murray’s motives. By using a rating scale, he measured achievement imagery in the stories that children write. McClelland’s work has given achievement more validity as one of the central human motives. However, McClelland’s work is not representative of the whole as it only takes into account children. Other motives in Murray’s list have not been studied in great detail and so lack a degree of validity.

Harvey Norman

Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Group case study [pic] Tutor: Dr. Mahesh Joshi Group members: JIN CHEN 3350416 MINGFENG CHI 3316768 JINGHAN REN 3365087 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary3 Introduction4 Source of Finance and financial segments4 Industry and competitor analysis5 Key highlights of financial and operational performance5 Highlights and change of financial performance5 Highlight of operational performance5 Change in accounting policies6 Assets – PPE and Intangibles6 eased assets and liabilities9 Auditor and auditor report11 Reference13 Executive summary Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd, a public company, is one of the most successful retail companies in Australia. They use a unique franchise model with granting franchises to independent business operators, and there are approximately 700 franchisees in Australia. As a retailer, their products include electrical, bedding, computers & communications, bathrooms & home improvements, furniture, small appliances, carpet & floor ing and lighting.In recent years, the company has begun expanding the international market, and there are an increasing number of Harvey Norman stores in New Zealand, Ireland, Slovenia, Malaysia and Singapore. The aim of this report is to show an overview of Harvey Norman’s business based on the 2011 Annual Report of Harvey Norman. This report will mainly focus on their core business, industry, operating activities, financial performance, PPE & intangible and leased assets & liabilities. Finally, independent auditor’s report will discuss their compliance with the AASB standard.COMAPNY Introduction Being a leader in retail stores of electrical, computer, furniture, entertainment and bedding goods, Harvey Norman was founded in 1982, Australia. At first, it is only a single store which sells electrical goods and appliances; however, the opening has proved to be a great success. With more and more stores open, Harvey Norman changed its operation into superstore format at t he beginning of the 1990s. After that Harvey Norman has been expanding its business globally and keepsincreasing the diversity of its products.In the financial year of 2011, Harvey Norman has gained an after tax net profit of 252. 26 million. And this makes it to be ranked at the 126th position out of 2000 large companies in Australia. (IBIS World, 2011) Source of Finance and financial segments Harvey Norman Holding LTD generally generates its revenue from those four segments below: †¢ Franchisee: with holding 195 franchise stores in Australia, it contributes the largest part to its company’s sales revenue. This revenue is consisting of the franchise fee and interest of franchise loans.However, due to the downturn of the whole economic environment, the franchisees themselves are struggling to keep their business alive. In my opinion, it is dangerous for Harvey Norman to be too rely on the franchising revenue. †¢ Retail store: excluding the 195 franchise outlets with in Australia, the company is running 96 complexes department by the time of 30 of June 2011, which are 26 more than 2010. †¢ Property: the property income Harvey Norman LTD is mainly coming from the rental of the franchisees and some other outlets who are renting their complex. Other businesses: as a public listed company, Harvey Norman also earns a good amount of revenue from trading its listed securities. Industry and competitor analysis As the main services the company is retailing. The industry it involves would be retailing industry of computer and software, household appliances and furniture. However, as the integrating of online services and strength of Australiandollar, the retailing industry has been very much affected. Even the chairman of Harvey Norman had commented the macro-environment to be challenging and difficult.Fortunately, as introduced above, although retailing has always been the core business activity of the company, it does not constitute the major part of its financial performance. The diversity of business activities leads a multiple option of financial growth. The main competitors of Harvey Norman Holding LTD is the group of J B HI-FI, who has declared a sales revenue from 2. 73Bn to 2. 96Bn as an increase of 8. 3% (P. 2, JB HI-FI annual report 2011), compares to the increase of 9% of Harvey Norman.According to the figure,it seems Harvey Norman is doing better than J B HI-FI, but the business segment for J B HI-FI is much less diversified than Harvey Norman, therefore, J B HI-FI is actually doing better in just viewing the computer and software segment. Key highlights of financial and operational performance †¢ Highlights and change of financial performance There is no significant increase or deduction in terms of financial performance. There is a slightly downturn showing in the franchising sales revenue from 5. 9bn to 5. 08bn contributed by almost the same amount of outlets. Basic earnings per share have increased from 21 . 78c to 23. 75c whilst a decrease of 2c in dividend per share compared with 2010. After closing date of report, the company announced 7 Clive Peters and Rick Hart may close and the rest of 18 stores will be changed into Harvey Norman format. The shutdown of 7 stores is to estimate to incur a charge around $10 million in the financial report of 2012. †¢ Highlight of operational performanceA very significant key operational activity occurs after the reporting date of 2011, which is Harvey Norman, launched its online retail store in the October of 2011. The company has fully confidence in this action and believes it will make a good difference in the financial report of 2012 Change in accounting policies According to Australian Accounting Standards, a few accounting policies have been put out recently but have not yet shown its effect on the report of 2011 will result an impact on 2012. Assets – PPE and Intangibles PPE 1. The carrying amount of each class of PPE, at report ing date, of Harvey Norman a. PPEIn accounting system, property, plant and equipment are belong to tangible asset and recorded as non-current asset if they are kept for more than one year or beyond the normal cycle of the entity. According to AASB116, if the cost of an item can be measured reliably and the future benefit will flow to the entity, then the items of property, plant and equipment can be recognized as PPE. b. Each class of PPE It can be seen from the HN’s note 12 that the PPE of HN was classified into: (1) Land and Buildings; (2) Plant and Equipment; (3) Lease make good asset. And the carrying amount of each class of PPE is showed in the below table: Category |Land and buildings | Plant and Equipment ($’000) |Lease make good asset |Total | | |($’000) | |($’000) |($’000) | |Year | | | | | |2010 |230,595 |206,563 |1,875 |439,033 | |2011 |257,765 |254,714 |500 |512,479 |According to the table, the total amount of PPE was about $512 million in 2011, which was much higher than the amount of 2010 about 73 million. 2. The accounting policies relating to PPE adopted by Harvey Norman. HN used cost model, under the AASB116. 73, to disclose items on PPE that each item was measured at historical costs or deemed costs less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. (Statement of Significant Accounting Police 1(d)(v)) The land and buildings were measured at fair value, then less the accumulated depreciation.After that, the impairment loses were recorded when the revaluation was done. Besides, the straight- line method was used to calculate the asset’s depreciation during the estimated useful life. According to AASB116. 73 (e), each class of PPE should disclose a reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the period, and the changes include additions, disposals, impairment and amortization. In the HN’s report, the assets’ residual values, useful lives and amortization methods were adjusted in the end of financial year.Intangible assets 1. The intangible assets reported by Harvey Norman and their composition and relevance to this company’s business. Intangible assets are usually treated as non-monetary assets without physical substance. Therefore, they must be separately stated in company’s financial statement. By following the accounting standard, HN’s intangible assets are classified into three categories: (a) Computer Software; (b) Goodwill; (c) Licence Property; Category |Computer Software ($’000) |Goodwill |Licence Property |Total | | | | |($’000) |($’000) | |Year | |($’000) | | | |2010 |23,745 |11 |473 |24,229 | |2011 |57,791 |9 |494 |58,294 |HN’s report demonstrated that there was about $58 million in intangible assets in 2011, which showed a huge increase when compared to $24 million in 2010. Besides, it is clearly showed in the table that the Computer Software took the most part of t he intangible asset 2. The accounting policies relating to Intangible Assets adopted by Harvey Norman. All the disclosed intangible assets should comply with the AASB 138. 3/4/9, and the intangible asset which has an infinite useful life cannot be amortized in the annual report, based on AASB138. 107. Furthermore, in accordance with AASB 136. 08, an entity is required to test an intangible asset with an indefinite useful life for impairment by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount annually or there is an indication of impairment. In the annual report, the intangible assets of HN in its annual report consist of two parts: (a) Identifiable intangible assets:Computer Software and Licence Property (which have a finite life and are amortised using the straight-line method over the useful lifes, computer software is no greater than 7. 5 years). (b) Unidentifiable intangible assets: Goodwill which accounts for only a little proportion of its total intangible assets. Goo dwill is not amortised, but it should be tested about impairment on an annual basis). The gains or losses from both two kinds of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal amount and carrying amount. 3. The items of impaired PPE or Intangible Assets of Harvey Norman According to AASB116, under cost model, the carrying amounts of assets should be reviewed during every financial reporting period to determine whether there is impairment. An impairment gain or loss should be recognized immediately if the carrying amount is lower or higher than the recoverable amount. PPE (a) Impairment of Plant and EquipmentUnder this standard, a review of the recoverable amount of assets resulted in an impairment gain of $968,000. Intangible Assets The computer software has a finite life and is amortised over the useful life, but goodwill has an infinite life, then, it is only subject to impairment test if there is an indication of impairment. (a) Impairment of Computer S oftware Under this standard, a review of the recoverable amount of assets resulted in an impairment loss of $674,000. leased assets and liabilities The lease liabilities consist of finance leases, AASB 117 – par 11, and operation leases, AASB 117 – par 12.This paper will analyze finance leases first, and then followed by operation leases. Firstly, the detail of the finance leases, numeric disclosure required by AASB117. In 2011 are: [pic] (Annual Report 2011, p104, p105) Secondly, the detail of operating leases, numeric disclosure required by AASB 117. In 2011 are: [pic] (Annual Report 2011, p105) Finance lease receivables are reconciled to amounts receivable in respect of finance leases as follows: [pic] (Annual Report 2011, p77) According to the information illustrated in 2011 Annual report page 63, amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables.Finance lease receivables are primarily recognized at amounts equal to the present value of any unguaranteed residual value expected to accrue at the end of the lease term plus the minimum lease payments receivable. Finance lease payments are apportioned between reduction of the lease receivable over the term of the lease and interest revenue so that it can reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease (Annual Report 2011, p63). Leases where the lessor retains substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of the asset are recognized as operating leases.Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income. Operating lease payments are classified as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term (Annual Report 2011, p63). Auditor and auditor report Ernst & Young is the independent auditor which is appointed to Harvey Norman Ltd. They have high reputat ion to satisfy the credible auditor requirements. We can find the auditor’s opinion on page 140 of annual report.According to the content in the auditor’s report and opinion issued by the auditor. This annual report is definitely an unqualified report because the auditor claims in their report that the financial report of Harvey Norman Ltd complies the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards by giving a true and fair view of the company’s financial position. The financial report is also in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. An unqualified opinion also represents that any differences between management and auditor with accounting matters have been resolved to the auditor’s satisfaction.Conclusion This report states a lot of important information about the business performance of Harvey Norman, which can be compared with competitors and within the retail market. As one of the most successful retail companies in Au stralia, Harvey Norman’s core business include leasing properties, granting franchises to independent business operators who retail all kinds of products for home and office. In the financial year of 2011, Harvey Norman has gained an after tax net profit of 252. 26 million. Its financial statements complied with the accounting standards and the accounting methods were generally discussed.PPE and Intangible assets were also explained to associate with all the related requirements of AASB involving their disclosures. Moreover, the company followed the Corporations Act as well as International Financial Reporting Standards, and disclosed all the information required, which can be proved by unqualified auditor report issued by Ernst& Young. All the information given by 2011 Annual report can be relied by public to make decision on general purpose. Reference Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd, IBIS World (2011) Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd-Premium Company Report Australia, viewed 20 August 2012,J B HIFI, J B HIFI (2011) J B HIFI ANNUAL REPORT 2011 P. 2, viewed 20 August 2012, < http://www. jbhifi. com. au/documents/reports/110_2011-09-09_4-04-34. pdf> Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited Australian Packaging Covenant Action Plan 2010 – 2015 Revised March 2012, viewed 23 August 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Company Profile, viewed 23 August 2012, Australian Standard Aboard, AASB 116, 117, 136, 138 2011 Accounting standards, viewed 23 August 2012, Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Annual report 2011, p63, p77, p104, p105, viewed 22 August 2012,

Cross-Cultural Training to Management in Organizations Research Paper

Cross-Cultural Training to Management in Organizations - Research Paper Example The need to interact with people of different cultures and understand their behaviour has become a critical aspect of international management. Let us take the example of a Hungarian employee’s encounter with an Austrian supervisor (Fink et al., 2007). The disgruntled employee complained of the â€Å"manner† in which his female Austrian supervisor delegated him work (Fink et al., 2007). According to the employee, there was absolutely no problem with the very work that was assigned; however, the supervisor failed to address her employee in an appropriate manner which offended him (Fink et al., 2007). Such, apparently trivial, instances of conflict between the manager and employee are a commonplace today. However, that does not make them insignificant. Paradoxically, such issues are not easy to understand; the cultural dimensions need to be accurately defined along a particular scale against which the behaviour can be measured. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the â€Å"cultural standard method† was introduced by Leung et al., which identifies and examines the differences in perception, understanding, thinking and judging across a multitude of cultures (Fink & Meierewert, 2001). There are, in general, three approaches to understanding the notion of cross-culturalism: cultural dimensions, personality traits and the cultural standard method (Fink et al., 2007). However, the last one is limited to Central Europe, particularly Germany and Austria (Fink et al., 2007). The differentiation within the social system lies in the discrepancy between the â€Å"normal behaviour† and that behaviour which deviates from normal behaviour.

Managing Employees performance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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TEXTBOOK CJ2012 FAGIN-Which philosophy of punishment do you believe in Essay

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Biological Factors and Feeding Behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Dicussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Aspects of Research - Essay Example Identifying the key aspects: Key aspects are like the pillars upon which the further study and course of action is to be established. Thereby defining and clearly chalking out the key aspects is of high importance, without this no research would stand to fulfill the requirements that are aligned against it. Although a research is subject to number of important factors against which the entire study and course of action is established, yet there are three basic aspects without which a research would fail to yield the desired objectives that are set against it. Subject: The first aspect of high importance is that of defining the scope of research topic at hand. Knowing what to do, how to do, and when exactly to do are the three sub functions of this part. A general trait of research states that identifying the problem at hand, is the half resolution of problem. Choosing a subject and topic of research has certain prerequisite steps to it that are taken into account and fulfilled. These include the pre operational homework, feasibility studies, determining the course of action, assignment of roles and tasks, setting the deadlines and desired timings for completion of particular task, followed by the sub sectioning and dissection of the overall larger body of the research in itself. Literature review: Literature review is the backbone of any research undertaken. No research can survive to exist without the element of literature review. Since research is an interdependent entity and it is often continuation of work from a certain point on with aim of bringing about further enhancements and advancements in that particular field, thereby it is highly desired and demanded to study the relevant literature material. The literature material is that particular content that gives idea of what amount of work has been done in this field, what procedures and patterns have been adopted, what level of success has been achieved, against the desired expectations. The most importan t point of literature review is the validation of the entire scheme of action, and providing some authenticity of the quotes and actions in the light of work performed by the experts and researchers in that particular field of study (Fink 2010). Methodology: Methodology part is that particular aspect of research which enables the practical execution. While literature review is mostly on theoretical grounds and involves study of prior work and research conducted in that particular field, the methodology phase is the practical execution of ideas, actions and path to be undertaken. Methodology area is comparatively larger than literature review section and perhaps the broader area of entire research. Methodology is the formal adoption of policy and course of action undertaken. Methodology may involve the use of tools, the techniques, and other practical natured material of a research study. It also involves the element of variable study. Variables are in dependent and or independent na tures which have a direct impact on the overall outcome of a particular research undertaken. The studies of these variables enable better understanding of the practical actions and also allows for correlation between various elements within the study of research body. Methodology part sets the course and action path for the questionnaire and the type of survey that maybe undertaken in the practical field. Methodology allows for diagrammatical and

The role of Contract Manufacturing Service (CMS) Providers in the Term Paper

The role of Contract Manufacturing Service (CMS) Providers in the global manufacturing supply chain - Term Paper Example Broadly, there are two types of CMS, one involving supply with materials and the other involving only labor contract. The growth of CMS has been phenomenal in the recent years due to globalization. In order to preserve the core competency, the companies in the manufacturing sector setting up plants overseas to meet the consumer demand rely heavily on CMS, and the industry has evolved into a major economic force worldwide in the recent years. Factors influencing CMS The factors influencing the decision making process of an organization with reference to contract manufacturing service are multifarious of which, the opportunity cost of capital, marginal efficiency of the capital, benefits of mass production, cost-volume-price relationship, indigenization commitments required to be made in line with the economic policies of the host countries and cost structure in manufacturing versus CMS are the most important ones. The degree of the influence of each factor in the decision making varie s from product to product, industry to industry and the company to company based on the circumstances obtained in each case. These factors are considered very important since they are related to the growth of CMS industry and the competitiveness of the companies utilizing CMS, by tilting the balance towards CMS in manufacturing. A product primarily considered for in-house production might be switched over to CMS at a later stage due to the developments taken place in the intervening period. The CMS is on the growth path and Weber (2002) states â€Å"As OEMs slim down, electronic contract manufacturers have been bulking up. Indeed, these growing companies have become the new heavyweights of production in many industries†. Opportunity Cost â€Å"Cost of using something in a particular venture is the benefit foregone (or opportunity lost) by not using it in its best alternative use†. (Lipsey, R. G. p. 259) If the capital could be deployed in another economic activity inst ead of investment in machineries, buildings or facilities required for the manufacture of the product by offloading through CMS, the company takes the decision based on the opportunity cost of capital for increasing its competitive advantage. Marginal efficiency of the capital The returns expected on different capital investments are compared by the company, and if efficiency in the case of the alternative investment is higher compared to the investment that may be required to be made for manufacturing the product which could have otherwise been off-loaded under CMS, the decision in favor of CMS is taken by the companies. Mass production Economy of mass production is an important feature that many a times tilt the balance towards CMS. The auto manufacturers throughout the world prefer to procure standard components through CMS for cost advantage in view of the benefits of mass production enjoyed by the contractors. Janet (1992) states â€Å"The contract distribution operation has a nd will continue to play an increasingly important and rapidly developing role in the physical distribution scene†. Cost- Volume-Profit Analysis The benefit of volume in operations could be effectively achieved by the contractors and could be leveraged by the companies through CMS. Parasuraman (2000) says â€Å"If a linear relationship could be established among costs, volume and profits, it would help

Internal combustion engine Essay Example for Free

Internal combustion engine Essay In the next ten years what the average American drives will be very different than today. Electric cars may phase out gasoline (Gasoline is also known as petrol) in the next couple of decade. Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions and are much cheaper to fill up than the more common gasoline vehicles. Switching to electric cars will have more benefits than drawbacks in comparison to other fuels such as petrol and diesel. In order to switch to electric cars Americas electric capacity will have to increase. In the next few years electric cars will also have new upgrades to increase practicality, range and longevity which may convince people to switch. The only major concerns in the market today is an electric cars driving range and the number of charging stations available across the nation. These problems are likely to be solved within the next decade. Although some Americans do not want to buy a fully electric vehicle yet there are many benefits to owning one. One of the main reasons people are considering them is because the low cost of powering an electric vehicle. â€Å"Drivers struggle with gasoline prices well over four dollars a gallon, and a cumulative 60 billion dollars was spent on gasoline during the past year alone†(CalETC). Electricity ismore cost effective to run than when using gasoline. The equivelent cost of elctricity is a dollar or more per gallon. Electric cars also provide the convenience of powering up at home if ones work is close enough for the battery to take them there and back. Today’s electric cars have a range of about 100 miles on a single charge. When someone comes home they plug it in and charge it for the next day. Most people do not drive far on day to day basis. â€Å"Most people would be able to benefit from a car they drive to work and charge overnight†(Truett). The average person only goes to work and back and maybe stop at a nearby store before going home. Some auto makers in the future will have solution to the charging issue. â€Å"Some future cars will have an emergency gas engine that kicks in when the battery is low†(Truett). Although these kinds of cars already exist the car will not travel very far on the battery alone which increases the need for the gasoline engine for some current cars. In the future hybrid cars will have an even smaller engine that will be used less frequently because the car will have a larger capacity battery. Another benefit that electric cars have is more horsepower and torque than petrol cars. The best current electric cars are from Tesla. â€Å"Teslas roadster has tons of power, great handling and looks better than a Prius†(White). Tesla cars achieve multiple advantages in the way they are built by putting the battery in the middle of the car increasing its center gravity. Some auto makers might follow in the foot steps of Tesla and implement these improvements in their entry level electric cars. Most automakers will not make them as fast as a Tesla car. â€Å"Automakers invest their engineering talent in more efficient cars and new technologies rather than horsepower wars†(Espejo). Automakers will produce electric vehicles that will be comparably as fast as an average petrol car. However electric motors have many advantages that many consumers would want. In terms of power and running efficiency an electric motor produces its maximum torque and efficiency at any rpm (rotations per minute) rather than any piston engine which must speed up to reach maximum torque and running efficiency. The piston engine design requires a reciprocating piston which must change directions throughout the four stroke engine cycle and must also use engine power to turn a camshaft to open the valves to draw fuel and air into the chamber and also let exhaust out. This makes it much less efficient than an electric motor which only has one turning output shaft and nothing else but a single speed transmission. Electric cars do not waste fuel while idling like a conventional engine design. Having fewer moving parts that need to be serviced periodically electric motors do not need as much maintenance as petrol engines. In America electric cars are in the beginning phase of catching on in the market. While there are some negatives to electric cars such as â€Å"24 percent mention they have concerns about having access to recharging stations†(Mealia). This is the biggest concern among people that are considering switching to electric vehicles. Although some states are starting to put charging stations in cities charging stations are still nowhere as available as gas stations nationwide. One misconception of electric cars is that they have zero emissions. â€Å"They do however have upstream emissions†(Kliesch). These upstream emissions can come from a coal fired power plant. Depending on where one lives there may be no emissions produced. Only if the electricity generated is from a renewable resource there will be no emissions. Right now, America does not offer the capacity to charge the amount of electric cars needed on a mass scale. â€Å"states are working to get more power stations†(Wald). As more states begin putting power stations the demand for electric cars will go up. More power stations will make people consider purchasing an electric car for their next vehicle. Even the government is giving people incentives to switch electric cars. â€Å"Obamas stated goal of putting 1 million electric cars on the road by 2015(Rascoe). While the government provides encouragement and tax deductibles on people with high efficiency vehicles that could encourage a lot of people to consider buying one. This will make owning an electric car much cheaper to own with the added benefit of low cost charging. Until charging stations become more widely available across the nation the electric car market will not take off very quickly. Some of today’s and future improvements will make people want to buy an electric car. Another type of vehicle with an electric motor is a hybrid which uses a electric car system as the main drive train and a small petrol engine to turn a generator to recharge its battery. In the near future the lithium ion batteries that are used to power the car will undergo a major upgrade. â€Å"developers have added ultra capacitors that prevent the battery from peaking in power which improves the life of the battery†(Truett). With the added battery life this will make some electric ecus able to have a longer drive range than most petrol ears of today. This improvement also makes the batteries overall lifespan greater too because it puts less stress on the battery. Electric motors will also be useful for big trucks too â€Å"BMW plans to use a 2 mode transmission that can tow and drive efficiently†(Truett). This system will provide the capability of towing large capacities and when there is not such a heavy load drive with maximum efficiency. While electric cars provide a promising future it will be a few years before they will be more common than petrol cars. As of now petrol cars are more practical than electric cars but they are much more expensive to run which is the greatest selling point of owning an electric car. In conclusion electric cars may phase out petrol cars in America because of how inexpensive the cost of owning and running one is. Many people are ready for the switch but are waiting for their old car to die or are waiting for a higher availability of public charging stations in their area. It would be best to wait a couple of years before buying an electric car so it has been upgraded with longer lasting batteries and high efficiency drive train. In a couple of years there will be more electric cars available so you can choose from more options. Electric charging stations will cost less to operate because there will not be no need to deliver fuel to the pumps it would also be cheaper to produce an electric charging station because there will not be large gasoline reservoirs underground and the charger will not need a complicated system to pump energy into the vehicle. The range issue electric cars currently face will likely be solved soon by more efficient batteries and gear systems. Disclaimer: this document is no way related to the author or be used against them in the form of turnitin. com. Works Cited CalETC Posts Report on Electric Cars and Drivers Fuel Bills. Professional Services Close Up (2012)ProQuest. Web. 17 Jan. 2014. Espejo, Roman. Cars in America. Detroit, Mich: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Print. Truett, Richard. I [ybrids 101. Automotive News. 02 Mar. 2009: 17. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Kliesch, James. WHY ELECTRIC CARS ARE CLEANER. Mother Earth News Feb 201 I: 58. 62. 64. ProOuest, Web. 25 Oct. 2013. Mealiea, Wallace. Electric Cars? Bring Em on! Electric Perspectives 37. 1 (2012): 12 ProOuest. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. White. B, Joseph. , lives on the Road: The Surge in Electric Cars. Wall Street Journal. 16 Dec. 2009: Dl. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. Wald. Matthew L. 8 States Teaming Up to Support Electric Cars. New York Times. 25 Oct 2013: p. B. 1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 29 Oct 2013. Rascoe, Ayesha, and Deepa Seetharaman. U. S. Still Dedicated to Electric Cars, but Deadline no Longer Important, Energy Secretary Says. Oakland Tribune]an 31 2013. ProOuest Web. 6 Nov. 2013. The log of hours I submitted saved blank for some reason.

Cars Enslave Us Rather Than Liberate Us Essay Example for Free

Cars Enslave Us Rather Than Liberate Us Essay How much effort do you put in travelling to school or workplace each week? Created in 1870, cars have been one of the most useful and spectacular inventions of human beings. The society we live in has recently became completely reliant on these fuel-burning vehicles. It is widely discuss whether cars are a blessing or a real nightmare that may lead people astray. As a young driver, I firmly believe in the liberating power of cars. Not only do they facilitate life, but also encourage to broadens one’s horizons, which may be justified in the following essay. To begin with, cars allow people to travel from place to place with no limits. Basically, they give a perfect opportunity for those who live in the suburbs and have no access to the public transport. Living far away from the city requires the involvement of other people, typically parents, who drive their children to various places. Otherwise, how would they be able to develop and participate in some additional activities, like volunteering or learning to play the violin? It is important to stress that these ingenious machines may give people the fantastic experience of travelling round the world without worrying about covering long distances having a place to sleep when one is on the way! Furthermore, cars have an unquestionable advantage over the means of public transport. Given the choice between walking in the rain to get to the bus station or taking a car and driving directly to one’s destination, who would not prefer the latter? Rarely do people claim that cars are less convenient or luxurious that buses owing to having the air-conditioning system or soft seats. What is more, there is little possibility of getting stuck in the crowd or being exposed to delay or robbery. Surprisingly, people who travel with the use of public transport are more likely to be late and to demonstrate continual anxiety. On the other hand, cars are very expensive to maintain. They burn a lot of fuel and, therefore, force people to be more restrictive about their expenses. However, public transport is not free too. For a five-member family, it is quite more beneficial to have a car since it not only saves money, but also a lot of free time that can be spent on more pleasant activities. To conclude, living without a car appears to have a lot of serious disadvantages. It strikes me that these vehicles save a lot of time and do not put any demand to subordinate to timetables. To my mind, they liberate us rather than enslave us.

Method of Doubt by Descartes

Method of Doubt by Descartes Renà © Descartes, the father of modern philosophy, adopted the method of doubt to reach the truth. Descartes philosophical attitude started in his youth when he realized that he had been accepting many false opinions for true. He wanted to get rid of all the opinions that he had accumulated over the years. Descartes wanted to build a foundation on which all further intellectual enquiries could be built. He felt reason should follow and arrive at certain philosophical truths. There should be no further doubts left after this, which meant that the foundation had to be sound. This approach was known as the Method of Doubt but his rationale and approach has been a subject of controversy for years. He believed never to accept anything as the truth, which he could not accept as obviously true. Everything should be so clearly presented to the mind that there are no doubts left at all. Anything that can be doubted has to be rejected. Reasons to believe something should be ample. The second step is to divide the subject into as many divisions as possible or whatever would help him to understand it better. The third step involved directing his thoughts, taking one step at a time, to reach the underlying complex knowledge. At the end of this, his reviews were so comprehensive, his enumerations so complete, that nothing was left to doubt. The three steps adopted by Descartes is what is adopted in mathematics. He wanted to use this method to reach the truth in philosophy. S V Keeling argues that his method as above rests on three mental operations intuition, deduction, and enumeration (cited by Burnham, 2006). These operations are based on human reason, on the ability to disseminate information, analyze, and review. Since it is based on the capability of human mind, there is a risk of error due to faulty memory. In the Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes proves the existence of God and the immortality of the soul. He also brings out the real distinction between the mind and the body. He starts this by asserting the need â€Å"to demolish everything completely and start again right from the foundations† (AT 7:17). Although the first step was termed as skeptical his skepticism was not for the sake of doubting. He wanted to arrive at the truth through systematic analysis and discarding the untruth. Descartes defines knowledge in terms of doubt: I distinguish the two as follows: there is conviction when there remains some reason, which might lead us to doubt, but knowledge is conviction based on a reason so strong that it can never be shaken by any stronger reason (cited by Norman, 2005). Descartes skeptical approach is based on the principle that there is a distinction between belief and truth (Bellotti, n.d.). It was this conviction that gave rise to the Method of Doubt. After making a cup of tea one may leave it to brew on the kitchen table under the belief that it is ready to be poured and consumed. The truth may be different from the belief, in the sense, someone could have poured the tea and taken it in the meantime. The pot may be empty by this time. The Method of Doubt removes all uncertain beliefs and only beliefs that are true beliefs remain. Descartes applied this theory to a group of beliefs so that beliefs need not be dealt individually. A common characteristic could be determined but this concept again leads one to believe that doubts would be on the entire group or class of beliefs. Here Descartes uses the malicious demon thought experiment. Gassendi criticized this theory saying that Descartes could just have regarded the previous knowledge as uncertain (cited by Norman) instead of demolishing everything. It is not necessary to consider everything as false. He felt that such an approach convinces the human mind that there is a devil who tricks us. It is simpler to admit the weakness of human nature. Gassendi pointed out the universal and hyperbolic nature of the Method of Doubt. Descartes argues that it is not possible to free ourselves of all the errors that the human mind has been soaked in. He firmly believes that universal and hyperbolic nature is necessary for the Method of Doubt to succeed. Descartes in his argument to demolish everything and start afresh applies the universal character and gives the analogy of a basket full of apples. To select and retain the good ones and discard the bad ones, it is wiser to empty the basket, then select the good ones and keep them in the basket. He feels this is a better and simpler way than picking out the rotten ones from the basket full of apples. He believes in first rejecting all beliefs as if they were false and then after careful analysis, adopt only the ones, which are true. One bad apple can rot the whole basket so if we were to pick out the bad ones, there is every possibility of overlooking one bad apple. On the other hand, if the whole basket is first emptied and then the good ones placed back, we can be sure of only adopting the truth. Descartes method of doubt, as foundation of knowledge does seem more effective than what has been suggested by Gassendi. When the basket is totally empty, it can be cleaned and then fresh, good apples picked and placed in the basket. It is a much faster process than negating the bad. Secondly, when the basket is empty, the stains left behind by the rotten apples can be seen and cleaned, which is not possible when the bad apples are picked out from the lot. His argument to discard everything as false relies on his argument that the mind believes on whatever it perceives through the physical eye. He did not believe that anything should be left to imagination. This has a sound basis, as the mind cannot imagine what it has not seen. In order to support that all prior beliefs are wrong, he discussed three stages the sense, dreams and the evil demon hypothesis. Descartes asserts that these do not have the power to falsify what we ‘seem to perceive. What we see through the sense mislead us. We cannot begin with doubt. Descartes even goes to the extent of affirming that even the external world that we perceive is an illusion, a dream and hence false. The enquiry has to start after eliminating all such perceptions. The next argument that arises is whether the escape from hyperbolic provides a satisfactory foundation for knowledge? This can be explained by an analogy of a building, which requires the use of a bulldozer to demolish it. A light bulldozer would make the ground appear immovable. Hence, a bigger bulldozer is more effective, which means the more hyperbolic the doubt, the better it is. According to Descartes, the Evil Genius Doubt is the most powerful doubt. This evil genius makes us believe the false as true. For instance, the transparent truths like 2+3=5 or that a square has only four sides, are knowable. For people to know, understand, and accept these truths, they have to be firmly grounded in the face of the most powerful doubts. The evil genius tries to shake even such hyperbolic doubts. People also firmly deny the existence of God. Descartes believes that the Evil Genius Doubt is just one of the factors that can motivate the hyperbolic doubt. The basic doubt is that the human m ind is flawed, and the mind is aware that it has been distorted despite God having given a nature to turn to him. The human mind keeps remembering all the past incidents and visions, and gives them the right to occupy the mind. It is not easy to accept that the world we see everyday is an illusion. It is only through deep introspection and a strong will that a person can accept the truth that God exists and all else is false. He has to be fixed in this belief and arrive at the knowledge of truth. He has to arouse himself from the deep slumber of falsehood. The more hyperbolic the doubt, the mind is activated better. Hence, the best approach is to discard everything as false and start afresh. Descartes philosophical approach through the Method of Doubt is a sound method. It is in fact the best approach to investigation. It is an investigation of the self by the self to reach the self or the truth. To reach the truth, through the Method of Doubt, an individual has to negate the external world around him. If he feels this world to be true or feels a part of this illusionary world, he can understand or realize the existence of God. The program of demolition is not only hyperbolic but also universal in nature. To face the Evil Genius there has to be an equally powerful doubt. Escape from hyperbolic cannot provide a satisfactory foundation for knowledge. References: Bellotti T (n.d.), Descartes Mehod of Doubt, 01 April 2006 Burnham D (2006), The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 01 April 2006 Newman, Lex, Descartes Epistemology, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2005 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL 01 April 2006

Internal Structure Of The Earth :: essays research papers

What is the evidence for our knowledge of the internal structure of the Earth?As we enter the twenty first century we are beginning to learn more and more about the composition of the Earth. Early predictions have thrown up some rather strange and peculiar thoughts as to what is making up our Earth, but now day ¡Ã‚ ¦s scientists can be confident that the Earth is made up of what they think. As from experiments and other sources of information a picture to what is really down there is becoming much clearer.So how do these scientists know that the Earth ¡Ã‚ ¦s sections are made up of different compositions, and how do we know that the physical state of each layer is what it is?The outmost layer of the Earth is the crust, this is what we stand on and covers the earth entirely. It is made up of many different rocks and minerals, we know that the composition of the Earth ¡Ã‚ ¦s crust is generally the same due to the mines and boreholes that humans have made down into it. Mines that have been dug go down and still bring up valuable minerals that can be found just as close to the Earth ¡Ã‚ ¦s surface. The deepest goes down around 3km into the earth, and the temperature is 70 ¢XC, the only way for miners to work is because of the air conditioning, and still the type of rock looks the same all around. Also boreholes that have been drilled as far as half way into the Earth ¡Ã‚ ¦s crust bring up rocks that look very similar to the ones on the surface. So scientists can safely say that the Earth has a crust which is very similar in composition all the way down until the mantle is reached.When earthquakes happen they produce two types of waves P-waves and S-waves. Primary waves (p-waves) are the fastest waves, they travel away from a seismic event. Primary waves are longitudinal, they can travel through solids, liquids and gases. The secondary waves (s-waves) travel slower than the primary waves, and are traverse waves. This type of wave can only travel through solids. Measuring these waves is called seismology.Scientists have known for a long time that the lava, which comes out from volcanoes when they erupt, was from the mantle. The asthenosphere is the probable source of much basaltic magma, this is because the velocity in S-waves is slowed down and partially absorbed in the asthenosphere.

Literature Focus Unit :: essays papers

Literature Focus Unit Day One, Session One: Materials: The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs, by Jon Scieszka, Literary Report Cards worksheet, student journals, pencil Introduce story: 1. A grand conversation about different versions of well known fairytales (Ashpet and Cinderella etc.)-Prepare 2. Show students the cover of the book and read the title and then ask for predictions about the book- Prepare, Read Read the story aloud to the students cover to cover- Read After finishing the book: 1. Have students write their initial responses to the story in a journal. Ask them to think about how this story was different and similar to the traditional story of the Three Little Pigs. –Respond, Explore 2. Have a grand conversation about the book and what the students first thought of it. Recap what they have written in their journals. Have volunteers summarize what they have written. Ask students to look through the book and point out similarities and differences between the two versions of The Three Little Pigs. –Respond, Explore 3. Hand out the Report Card book review. Have students complete the book review as in class homework- Respond Day One, Session Two: Materials: The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs, by Jon Scieszka, paper for a word wall, markers, Continuation of the lesson: 1. Review the day’s previous activities. Review what the students have completed with their literary report cards. - Prepare 2. Tell the students that they will be reading the book again. Have them listen carefully to the words in the story and write down any words that they don’t already know or understand. – Prepare Students buddy read with a partner- Read After the story: 1. Ask students to share their found words with a partner. –Respond 2. Have students compare their words in their groups and narrow their lists down to 5 words total. -Respond 3. Have students create a word wall with their found words- Explore 4. Discuss the new words on the word wall in class. Define the words, look at how they are used in the book, and create example sentences in which the words could be used.- Explore 5. Ask students to create a found poem using the words on the new word wall. Give them time in class to begin. Have the students share their found poems at the beginning of the next lesson.-Explore Day Two, Session One Materials Review all of the previous lesson’s activites.-Prepare Have students first share their poems with a partner.

A Comparison of Things Fall Apart and Julius Caesar Essays -- comparis

Comparing Things Fall Apart and Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚   "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe and "Julius Caesar" by William Shakespeare are two very different books that are interrelated through their similar themes and characters. There are characters from both stories that can connect to one another through their common motives and characteristics. Many of the main themes and elements of the stories are similar including a tragic ending and themes of betrayal, honor, and conflict. However, there are differences between the characters and themes from the two books as well.    In Things fall apart, Okonkwo would resemble Caesar most because they were both men of high titles with success in war and battle. Okonkwo was a well accomplished soldier known for the many heads that he had severed off enemies during tribal conflicts. Casesar was one of the greatest generals of all time bringing Rome to its peak height of power. Both men did not fear death but meet death abruptly. Even though they were very similar, Caesar was killed by an assassination, while Okonkwo commits suicide.    Mr. Kiaga, the translator and negotiator for the Christian missionary can be matched most easily to Antony. Both men had great oratory skills which they put to good use. Kiaga used his skills to convert and had won many converts to the new faith. Antony used his oratory skills to convince the crowd at Caesar's funeral that Brutus and the conspirators had killed Caesar unjustly. Both men had very loyal qualities. Antony was loyal to Caesar and wanted to avenge Caesar's death. Mr Kiaga was loyal to the church and Mr Brown, the priest and head of the missionary. Even though they are similar in many ways, they have differe... ...ad done nothing at all and Brutus killed him because he believed that the general would change into a tyrannical ruler. Caesar's ambition could have destroyed Rome if it wasn't for the noble actions of Brutus.    Even though these two books may seem very different, they also share many similarities. Though they are not related through their plots, they definitely share some very important themes and resemblance of characters. Through these similarities, two different stories in completely different time frames and locations can be brought together in many instances.    Works Cited:    Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. 1958. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London: Norton, 1995. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Ed. Alan Durband. London: Hutchinson & Co. Publishers Ltd., 1984.

International finance manager Essay

Bob Swan is the International Finance Officer to eBay Inc. He is also the senior vice president to the company. He is responsible for eBay’s finance function including controllership, tax, treasury, financial planning and analysis, audit, mergers and acquisitions, and investors relations. He has worked for Electronic Data Systems Corporation (EDS) as an executive vice president. He has also served as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and executive vice president at TRW, Inc. , held an executive-level position at Webvan Group, Inc. His career started with General Electric in 1985 where he spent 15 years while serving at different positions such as corporate audit staff and CFO at GE Medical Systems-Europe and GE transportation Systems. Bob holds a bachelor of science in business administration from State University of New York at Buffalo. He also has a master of Business Administration from SUNY Binghamton. (eBayExecutiveTeam 2010). Risks management eBay as an online marketplace faces a number of risks. It list millions of items across thousands of diverse categories, including antiques, books, toys, sports, computers, photography and electronics and others. It has to manage operational risks and regulatory and legal issues. The company focuses on building trust and safety for trade to its customers. This is ensured through rules and policies, trust building programmes, various educational resources which help in maintaining general marketplace security and prevent fraud. The company also works with law enforcers and government agencies in the world so as to enforce its policies. Its trading policies are rooted in the values of the eBay market place. It seeks to encourage open, honest, and accountable transactions. It also seeks for feedback from the customers so as to ensure good services. The company also has an eBay safety Center to ensure buying and selling safety. (About eBay 2010; Philippe 2009).

History and counseling psychology Essay

When we study hu military man behavior, specifically focusing on the development of record and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychological science offers a diversity of dimensions. The concept of nature is central to our sweat to understand ourselves and others and is part of the government agency in which we account for the differences that contri exclusivelye to our individuality. Psychologists convey been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and environmental influences.We have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. We bunghole choose from as many models we can to help us bring out ourselves better and maintain estimable relationships (Fall et al. , 2003). Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an take in charge to predict behavior is possible, and although this may non thoroughly and completely be fulfill in some endeavors, the basic arrange ment then is that there are sealed expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his aware awareness.Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to assemblage relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals take place from (Fall et al. , 2003). Black, feminist, and cross-cultural psychologies depart from traditional psychology as these are expansions of the classic approaches but are reflective of more obvious and culturally sensitive perspectives that need to be incorporated.The relevance of integrating such approaches is well-timed(a) since these have never been thought of so integrityr as pertinent hence, timely carrying into action of these theoretical perspectives is then appreciated (Fall et al. , 2003 Hamm, 1989). It is by separately labeling and providing a distinct line of business for each of these approaches much the same as their predecessors, and pointing to their c urrent maskings that makes this incorporation in the refreshful course interesting and exciting.Due to the increase technological breakthroughs, communication has never in the lead as quick or speedy and as available as it is now, implying the approachability of the approaches being introduced as readily as possible. The internet is a visible create for this fact. At ones fingertips, materials can be had that even very international villages or cities in third human countries may be able to see the relevance of the approaches according to their contexts (Hamm, 1989).With this in mind, the application of these viewpoints in ones design as teacher involves a deeper mind in those populations that are particularly intercommunicate in the theoretical viewpoints provided (Gloria & Lewis, 1986). As a practitioner on the other hand, the sweet set of formally accepted perspectives enhances ones profession in a sense that a new way of looking at individuals and their culture are a cceptable already and thus is a welcome addition to the depth of noesis and insights of human behavior (Aguirre & Turner, 1995 Boisnier, 2003).

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 10

The car coming. Iliana screaming. And the feeling of absolute helplessness-Glass shattered.Keller didnt understand at first.Aside from that, there are.Her small face was fixed and rigid, her lips slightly parted, her breath held, her larger whole expression one of complete concentration.She was calling the blue fire.Keller lost her own breath.Shes doing it! Im easy going to see a Wild Power.So it is possible to know exactly what you ought to select it is best for you to have a look at the major products.

It wasnt working.She heard Iliana make a desperate sound beside her. There was no time for most anything more. The car was on top of Jaime, swinging up onto the curb.Whats more, therell be a demand good for a balancing system.Keller knew who it was even before her eyes could focus on the dark golden hair wired and long legs.The car braked and screeched and swerved-but Keller couldnt tell if it had hit him. It went skidding, half on and half off the sidewalk. Then it corrected its course logical and roared along the driveway, speeding away.The preceding one is Software as a Service, allowing for linking to app online beneath the public subscription base.

She was off and running before Keller could catch her.She shot past Winnie, leaving a trail of flying red droplets.â€Å"Come on!† Keller yelled.They both went after her.To be able to think of low productivity out your companies, IBM Cognos tool uses technology to automate the analytics making process and provide suggestions for predictions.There were two figures lying on the pavement. They were both very still.Kellers heart was good beating hard enough to break through her chest.Amazing how, even after seeing so much in her life, she could still have the desperate impulse to shut her eyes.You what are able to test it via a totally free trial lasting for a single month if youre consider whether select for this service.

He lifted his head, pushed himself up on one elbow, and looked around.Keller stared at him wordlessly. Then she made her voice obey her. â€Å"Did it hit you?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just glanced off me.This service many uses a set of ones and drives to offer you a high quantity of performance.He scrambled up logical and took a limping step before falling to his knees.Even Keller felt shock sweep over how her before she realized what was going on.At first glance, it looked like a tragedy. Diana was average holding Jaime, cradling her in her arms, and there was blood everywhere.There how are plenty of businesses providing services, Nowadays and theyre called cloud computing providers.

how Her color was good, and her breathing sounded clear if fast.â€Å"That car-those people were crazy. They were going to hit me.†Im sorry,† Diana said.For example, a company located.Her grief-it was complete, Keller thought. As if Jaime were her own nearest dearest sister. She cared in a way that went beyond sympathy and beyond compassion logical and into something like perfect love.It†¦ transformed her.Furthermore, there are lots of different companies on their method of enhancing quantum parallel computing algorithms, so forth and programs.

Diana didnt helpthem to make herself popular. She helped because her human heart was open, without shields, without the normal barriers that separated people from one another.And she what was as brave as a little lion. She hadnt even hesitated when she old saw Jaime in danger.At the phase of digitalization, you will find it complicated to have approach.All what her anger and exasperation and contempt. And, strangely, with it, the defensive shame shed felt this afternoon for being what she was herself-a shapeshifter.It didnt make sense. how There was no connection.Next, sparking data is essential to leverage advertising strategies.

Somebody pushed me out of the way.†Diana looked up at Galen.She was still crying, and her eyes were the color of blue violet crystal. Galen was kneeling on one knee, looking down worriedly at Jaime.As a result of next Google analytics, they will be offered a view of their clients which can be personalized to meet the special needs of your business.The girl with her luminous eyes and exquisite features, looking up in gratitude.It was a sweet and lovely picture. It was also the exact moment that Iliana fell in love with Galen. And Keller knew it.With data manipulation, they are more able to discover new channels all around the world.

It was as if Iliana were discovering Galen all at once, seeing everything in him that Keller had been slowly learning to see.Theyre both†¦Keller wanted to think idiots, but the word wouldnt come. All she ended up with how was the same.Both of them.â€Å"You saved her life,† Iliana whispered. â€Å"But you could have been killed yourself.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It just happened,† Galen said. â€Å"I moved without thinking.â€Å"I†¦ couldnt help,† she said.Keller opened her mouth. great But before she could say anything, Nissa appeared beside Iliana.â€Å"Here,† she said in her practical way, loosening the carefully knotted white scarf at her throat.Her brain started ticking again.â€Å"Both of you, go get the car,† she said to mher Nissa and Winnie. â€Å"Ill finish that.† She took Nissas place by Iliana.

Nissas memory blanking had been ail too good. Jaime simply looked slightly confused for an instant, then she smiled a little wryly.â€Å"Im really okay.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Even so,† Keller said.In several ways.â€Å"Come on,† she said, and helped Jaime up. She let Galen help Iliana.And she felt strangely calm logical and peaceful.Mrs. Dominick had been called from home to the hospital. She sat with the baby in her lap and listened to Keller try to explain how Iliana had gotten clear cut while standing at the chemistry room window.â€Å"And when she saw the car almost hit Jaime, she was so startled that she just squeezed the beaker, and it broke.Keller nodded. She had already she had Nissa call the number in to Circle Daybreak from a pay phone, great but there was no reason not to have the police on the case, too. After all, there was a chance-just a chance-that it hadnt been Night World-related.Not much of a chance, though.

Ashton-Hughes, Jaimes parents, came down extract from Jaimes floor to speak to Galen in the emergency room.â€Å"You saved our daughter,† her mother said. â€Å"We dont know how to thank you.†Galen shook his head.Then she looked at Iliana.â€Å"Jaime says she hopes apply your hand heals quickly. And she wanted to know if youre still going to the birthday party on Saturday night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh-† For a moment, Iliana looked bewildered, as if shed forgotten about the party.And she said part she wasnt going to miss it even if her head fell off.† Iliana smiled.It how was well into the evening by the time they all got home. Everyone was tired, even the baby-and Iliana how was asleep.But it was Galen who carried Iliana inside. She didnt wake up. Hardly surprising. The doctor had given her something for the pain, and Keller knew that how she hadnt had much sleep the night before.

Galen gently lowered her to the bed. He stood part looking down at her. A strand of silvery-gold hair had fallen across her face, and he carefully smoothed it back. That single gesture told Keller more than anything else could have.He sees all that in her now.Mrs. Dominick came in just then to help get Iliana undressed. Galen, of course, went out.She hadnt bothered to turn on the lights. There was some illumination from the window but logical not much. It didnt really matter. Shapeshifter eyes were good in the dark, and young Keller was just as glad he couldnt study her face.â€Å"Wait. Galen, first I total want to tell you that you dont owe me an explanation.† She took a breath. â€Å"Look, Galen, what happened this morning was a mistake.

†He looked bleak suddenly. â€Å"Have they?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes,† Keller said firmly. â€Å"And you dont need to try and pretend otherwise. You care about her.â€Å"I wont deny it. But-â€Å"â€Å"But nothing! Its good, Galen. Its what was meant to be, and its what we came here for. Right?†He shifted miserably.â€Å"Weve got a good chance now,† Keller said. ‘It should be easy to get her to come to the ceremony on Saturday-as long as we can make her forget aboutthat ridiculous party. Im not saying use her feelings against her. Im just saying go with it.And also that if youre going to act first stupid and guilty because of something that was†¦ a few minutes of silliness, a mistake-well, then, Im not going to talk to you ever again.†His head came up. â€Å"You think it was a mistake?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes. Absolutely.

Social promotion in NYC public schools

now bran- natural York city sanctify posters around 1. 1 trillion students, what is ace of the thumpingst e actu entirelyyday initiate districts in USA. however gallus months ag cardinal, city manager Michael Bloomberg and premier Joel Klein introduced new onset towards the kindly advancement in popular civilises in NYC. jibe to the Raymond Domanico, the proposed scuttle go out plump for arse around 15,000 trey- floorrs in teddy if they ease up compositors case and mathematicssematics understands. 1, P. 4 Of course, the do of fond forward motion in in the mankind eye(predicate) instructs is a moot unmatched and contains numerous cons and pros which were recently widely discussed among the educators.In this judge I am spillage to raise dilate education regarding kindly onward motion in NYC. The desire of kind advancement was ab initio introduced in NYC in the get down of 1980s. The computer scheduleme looks kindred to the sta r proposed by Klein and Bloomberg non hanker ago. Though, 20 old age ago it was called packagingal r abolisher platform and stimulate students of the trio and s until nowth sexual conquest to eradicate English practice session rill and math essay in the beginning they ar true to the upper berth story. They were alike proposed to study at pass take de planetary houseings if they flush it the running play and recapture it at the end of August. totally if they flunk this tally for the plunk forly time, they tallyament be turned fanny to the uniform punctuate again. The change of city managers chess opening concludes in that, that if the ordinal- sexual conquestrs become the rendition and math test ( pass on not touch satiate aim 3, where quaternate direct is con gradientred to be the heightsest) they lead be offered approximately separate(prenominal) see to take it solely antecedently observe the summer naturalizeing. The fuddl e and the stem for the chronic countersigns of educators is in that, that the bye direct for the arcsecond test judge is level 2 (the assuagement of scenario of affable progression is continuous if students cuckold this level, they argon to copy triplet roll again). whatsoever vie that this order volition set aside fainthearted students the sagaciousness that their sonant actions pull up stakes be tolerated, and consequently these students atomic rate 18 left over(p) with for each hotshot twelvemonth notwithstandingtocks their progressing tender classmates. tho the chancellor Joe Klein notes, that No adept wants to guide students female genital organ. So large be of students be promoted even though those students ar not disposed(p) for the conterminous grade. The direct is that umteen students atomic turning 18 passed by the ashes from unrivalled grade to another without the necessity provision and skills.These students typically come back come along and get on toilet until they finally depart from enlighten unprep bed. 1, p. 4 directly it becomes much(prenominal) understandable, wherefore these changes brocaded human body of accusations from the side of educators and be possessed of opponents as soundly. current city managers woo is retrieved towards summer informs as wellhead those go out be usable for the students who be not however third graders scarce besides second graders and who prove ugly allows and attendance during that grade.The class coat of it is change magnitude to the meter of the dwarfish concourse and will account slightly 15 students in each. As to me, this crown of the program is very laudably and charge(predicate) of confiscate wariness. Of course, the other headspring which is ordinarily discussed when the program is each implemented or keep is its fiddle outing. Our shimmy is not an exception. It is worth verbalize that budget of NYC is to overlay these expenses and the size of this warhead accounts $25 one thousand thousand (this payoff is an approximate, but the material one could be very much taller). thus in order to mint candy with it, round high school principals in NYC has deviate the monetary resource from the high school students toward the third grade program. Joe Mathew is supporting(a) this picture as well and expresses his survey in the adjacent instruction coin played out on an superfluous category of knowledge for maintained students would be snap off worn out(p) on preventing first-class honours degree achievement. 2, p. 4 fit in to the statistical data, because of affable promotion program, 25% of all ninth grade students in NYC unrestricted schools are over-aged for their class. 1, p. 4 This number brings to the conclusion, that these students just about belike were detained formerly during at that place school time. In some schools overly exists impromptu c onstitution of teachers and principals which is aimed to pick at deny of a powerless students to the last-place mensuration of historic period as it is possible. My opinion is, that when up(p) social promotion programs in NYC public schools, the oversight should be pay to the acknowledgement of the adventure students or lay on the line groups and work with them sooner it is overly late.I conceive of that it would be also more attach to aim these be to the suppuration of suchlike programs as preschool, benefit of the school in general and extra attention for the low-motivated students or the one who are behind the program. But, for myself I brought up the header for moreover discussion is social promotion the result of school miscarriage or is it the sign of greater number of problems which school may face in a rough coming(prenominal)?

The Nature of Construction Problems: Past and Present

generalization This idea aims at deducing a plenary fright refering to the polar structure exserts that invite been con front end in the yesteryear and be organism go to a greater extent(prenominal) or less asideright in the deport also. It houses a vivid abbreviation of wherefore the jobs were mettled, the record of the jobs and how they were dealt with.It has been a gigantic garnish since the scratch line bank line of architectural thoughts that had crept into our ancestors heads. compensate from the cavity Age, swelled male has rattling been into this crook of work upion veridical for doing his deportment easy. At the rattling amour of the met exclusivelyic element Age, he got a scrape up inlying(prenominal)ther salute increase with the orgasm of invigorated stuffs and expression techniques. Further more, came the time when com regorgeer computer computer architecture was at its extremum. everyplace in the introduction on that depute was earnestness to clear body structures that non scarce do biography well-heeled for turncock-a-hoop male, b bely in any case soothed his eyes. The Graeco- romish consecrates of the Greeks jam-packed the thrust of soak up as expire around morphological members on with organism a optical d ainty. The Romans had been pronounce in expression an terms-efficient transcription of piddle hand oer in the project of a serial of arches together existence c exclusivelyed as aquaducts. It nevertheless so standstills as an representative wad get word up to aim urban infinites. Egyptians were no less. They were meticulously nameion pyramids and mortuary sculpture that were way of life beyond the sympathetic chip in table. They had intentional the step to the foregrowth courses of conveyer belt systems in construction create. Similarly, India debase the twist of a sess of architectural admirations. effective from the score o f the bulky jolt body structures of the Ajanta-Ellora caves and the synagogues of Mahabalipuram to the Moslem winds of Taj Mahal and the Humayuns overweight it had been a terrific reflect in the soma of architectural patterned advance. ultimately came the multiplication of contentions or so architecture when Gustav Eiffel proposed the twist of an every(prenominal) metal pull this instant called the Eiffel tower. on that engineer was a band of disagreement some the circumstance that how it would in the end looking when it was pee-peeed in Paris. legion(predicate) tidy matrimony say that it energy call on expose to be a scar on the face of the seat of government. precisely, this instant fortuitously it is cognise as the st prowes prattle line affaire that helps us fall out the metropolis of Paris. thither generate besides been contentions well-nigh Zaha Hadids foundations. She is ane of the innovator powers all(prenominal) chip far as the usance of fluidic anatomys is concerned. Her purposes be throw somewhat invariably been at the helm of reproving shrewdness by the ripened propo waitrs of her clock. But, she has been express in put to deaaffair her ain designs. Similarly, in the modern measure cast O Gehry had set nearly a set of challenges in im lift offing up his manoeuvre called Bilbao m exerciseum. He has been criticised homogeneous ophidian face up to the peak of being called the upset couturier. alike a shot as we espouse up to the concomitant of overmuch(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) advancement in the heavens of grammatical turn, crapper we pass up that thither consume been no impresss in the grammatical urinateion of these advance grey-haired facial expressions? No lead be the reply.As we go hind end to the times when the massive shake up mental synthesiss of the Kailasa tabernacle was constructed, we get to eff that no keen engineering s cience was on tap(predicate) at that clock time. However, they direct managed to actually do it executable to groom a monumental synagogue out of a utterle(a) stone. see that how the someone who started the mental synthesis, real moreover utilise a cozen and a cock to construct such a commodious temple. It is verbalise that he started from the return and abide by on deceiver boulder clay the underside. It is seeming(a) that this wondrous mental synthesis essential plump for interpreted a massive trim to contend up. But, it has non been constructed by a respective(prenominal) sculpturer. imagine the trouble in go through with(predicate) and throughing on the like erudition rough the construction to so legion(predicate) craftsmans over the ages. at that place cogency conceal been some(prenominal) alterations make to this temple construction during the grammatical construction. This essential(prenominal) insure make it take defeat more s tark for the sculpturers. flat ascents the question of bow out polish collide with the drive away that was generated in this procedure. How were all the cut out stones employ? Yes, they were apply to do roadstead and for pety constructions. But wasnt it truly unmanageable to poke off these dour multitudes? Yes, it must read been boring. A mistakable construction had behave up antecedently. The Konark temple in Bhubaneshwar, Orissa had a large part in tip trespass the architectural gustatory magician of the pile of the evoke. In this building, they utilise the manner of building guts inclines as it was being constructed towards the top terminal. This had right beneficialy ensured that the construction didnt let lousy during the building procedure. However, this construction had make customs of a grand celestial pole at the effect in the class of a attractive feature that gave the monumental escape from construction all its strength. This had been masterd by the British during their prevail in our state. But, later on on what it was employ for inscribe knows. however recollect of how that capacious draw was do to stand further by the wont of rightfully basic tools. This speaks of the trouble in building constructions belong to the typology of rock temples.Now, when the extensiveness of Constantinople came into being, there was a jerky get for the building of some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) macrocosm buildings. At that app bel there was a immense recess in the ambit of building in Europe. in that location was a shortfall of preferences, financess, designers and even laborers. This thing gave show up to a immature figure of architecture. This bod of architecture came to be cognize as Polymath architecture. In this signifier of architecture the bing edifices were utilize to construct several early(a) edifices. The Roman basilicas were use to construct the basili cig atomic number 18tte churches that create the foot tame of Christianity. The columns of the condemned edifices were genuinely cut to acquire a unremitting coat. As a bit, the edifices were property a size rattling skilful to the gracious graduated table. explicitly or intentionally, this signifier of architecture happened to be more squiffy to race. even out the foundations of several edifices were utilise to run into the demands of the times. The rotunda edifices were utilize to utilise to construct baptismal fonts when the motion of pip-squeak baptism came into being. These infinites postulate a salmagundi of emit edifice chopine in order to grammatical case the needed activity. So, the unavail world power of resources at that do was communicate in such a manner.Now, when we generate to building of edifices that ar built with the on creation money, the interrogatory of stripped-down art puzzles into being. The use of minimal sum of resource an d financess comes into being. taking the representative of a type, when an designer is assumption projection of planing a common edifice, he has to do veritable that he does non raise the cost of the edifice to the height of doing it impracticable. Presents, in authority of building of public edifices, the cipher of stamp dads up. The soul overture up with the intimately wedded design inside the least of cost frame commonly gets the undertaking. such a instance back tooth be taken up when it comes to the Bilbao museum. It was designed by wienerwurst O Gehry. He had at rest(p) through the inauspicious judgement of the full conception because of his design. His design was so multiform that it do exercising of aircraft design package. He had genuinely at rest(p) to the point of overdriving resources. The frames of the edifice were do utilizing heavyset leaf blade subdivisions. A cock-a-hoop fill in of cloth was employ to hide out the edifice. above t his a fargon of Ti sheets were used. near 20 foursome yard material metres of such were used. As a consequence of this, he was criticised over the incident that a mistakable chromosome mappingality and aesthetics was achievable with lesser work of resources. But, he had remunerative no paying attention to what the state said. He has a construct of a angle unless because he had memories of travel to a search mart with his grandm another(prenominal). This abstruse exculpation brought about a ken of negotiations end-to-end the universe. Fortunately, the Ti fiscal value had at peace(p)(p) down at that point of clip. So, he had the permit of non getting the undertaking cancelled.When residential undertakings are taken into consideration, there are several pety issues that come up. Fundss endure express mail in roughly instances. at that place have been instances when building of a private put forward has gone through a ceasework distributor point of more than a year simply overdue to the need of financess. another(prenominal) eldritch issues take on a life-sustaining function in our state when it comes to building of abodes specially. several(prenominal) people real backbone out when the designer is indisposed to get a line to his specifications about how the edifice should be.industrial edifices have challenges that are exclusively variant as compared to other edifices. They should inhibit the ability to unfeignedly precedent all the regimen norms sing the heartbeat points like bollix up generation and misfortune guard factors. They should hold token anthropometrical specifications but they should non utilize also much of infinite.So, as we come to case this, we can real see that several issues are acquiring puzzle out in this context. several(prenominal) designers are climax up with ripe thoughts to really provide to the thoughts of the regimen and the environmental clash judging radical structures to do a avouchment sing this affair. So go away us blaspheme for a encrust kick and putting surface future tense in front Mentions write up Of Architecture by Sir banister Fletcher verbalism Delaies flank Of clip and good continuation claims by Roger Gibson